檸檬酸鈣(Calcium citrate)在反芻動(dòng)物上的應(yīng)用

奶牛圍產(chǎn)期和泌乳期是機(jī)體對鈣需求量最大的生理階段。在反芻動(dòng)物上，通常使用丙酸鈣來預(yù)防圍產(chǎn)期奶牛對鈣和能量的需求。陳代文等在圍產(chǎn)期奶牛日糧中添加不同水平丙酸鈣發(fā)現(xiàn)，NEFA、BH-BA和尿酮隨著添加量的提高呈線性下降，可有效維持能量平衡。丙酸鈣進(jìn)入反芻動(dòng)物體內(nèi)，先在瘤胃中解離成礦物離子和丙酸根，礦物離子一般被前胃和真胃吸收，再運(yùn)輸?shù)礁鱾€(gè)組織被利用，未被利用的部分從尿液排出體外；而丙酸根在酸性環(huán)境中，形成丙酸，經(jīng)瘤胃上皮吸收，通過門靜脈到達(dá)肝臟，進(jìn)而通過糖異生作用轉(zhuǎn)化為葡萄糖進(jìn)入TCA循環(huán)供能。TCA循環(huán)主要調(diào)控部位有3個(gè)：檸檬酸合酶、異檸檬酸脫氫酶、a-酮戊二酸脫氫酶。檸檬酸鈣作為新型的有機(jī)飼料添加劑，其在機(jī)體可釋放出檸檬酸，檸檬酸可不受檸檬酸合酶影響，直接進(jìn)入TCA下游循環(huán)通路被分解利用，最終為機(jī)體提供能量和鈣源。

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賴氨酸甘氨酸鎂Magnesium Lysinate Glycinate、甘氨酸谷氨酰胺鎂Magnesium Glycinate Glutamine、檸檬酸蘋果酸鎂Magnesium Citrate Malate、檸檬酸鍶Strontium Citrate、檸檬酸錳Manganese Citrate、檸檬酸銅Copper Citrate、天門冬氨酸鋰Lithium Aspartate、?；撬嵛?/span>Selenium Taurate、抗壞血酸錳Manganese Ascorbate、抗壞血酸亞鐵Ferrous Ascorbate.

Application of calcium citrate to ruminants

The perinatal period and lactation period of dairy cows are the physiological stages with the greatest demand for calcium. In ruminants, calcium propionate is commonly used to prevent the calcium and energy requirements of perinatal cows. Chen Daiwen et al. added different levels of calcium propionate to the diets of dairy cows during the perinatal period and found that NEFA, BH-BA and urinary keto decreased linearly with the increase of the added amount, which could effectively maintain energy balance. When calcium propionate enters ruminants, it is first dissociated into mineral ions and propionate in the rumen. Mineral ions are generally absorbed by the anterior stomach and the stomach, and then transported to various tissues for use. The unused part is excreted from the urine. In the acidic environment, propionate forms propionic acid, which is absorbed by rumen epithelium and reaches the liver through the portal vein, and then converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis and enters the TCA cycle for energy supply. There are three main regulatory sites of TCA cycle: citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and A-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. As a new organic feed additive, calcium citrate can release citric acid in the body, and citric acid is not affected by citric acid synthase, and directly enters the downstream cycle of TCA to be decomposed and utilized, and finally provides energy and calcium source for the body.

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Magnesium Lysinate Glycinate, Magnesium Glycinate Glutamine, Magnesium Citrate Malate, Strontium citrate Citrate, Manganese Citrate, Copper Citrate, Lithium Aspartate, Selenium Taurate, Manganese ascorbate Ferrous Ascorbate Ascorbate.