細(xì)胞內(nèi)銅的四大分布途徑與關(guān)鍵調(diào)控機(jī)制（天門冬氨酸銅Copper Aspartate、抗壞血酸銅Copper Ascorbate）。

在細(xì)胞中，銅有4 種分布途徑：（1）自由基清除途徑：Cu/Zn-超氧化物歧化酶將銅送至超氧化物歧化酶 SOD1上。（2）線粒體途徑：細(xì)胞色素 C氧化酶17 將銅轉(zhuǎn)移到細(xì)胞色素 C 氧化酶（cytochrome Coxidase，COX）上以產(chǎn)生 ATP。（3）分泌途徑：銅通過抗氧化蛋白 1（Antioxidant 1，Atox1）傳送至反式高爾基體網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的銅轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白質(zhì)α鏈（ATP‐dependentcopper transporter 7A，ATP7A）和銅轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白質(zhì)β鏈（ATP‐dependent copper transporter 7B，ATP7B）。（4）細(xì)胞核途徑：細(xì)胞核通過銅傳感器，調(diào)節(jié) CTR1 表達(dá)以適應(yīng)銅濃度的變化。

細(xì)胞內(nèi)銅的四大分布途徑與關(guān)鍵調(diào)控機(jī)制（天門冬氨酸銅Copper Aspartate、抗壞血酸銅Copper Ascorbate）。

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Four major distribution pathways of copper in cells and key regulatory mechanisms (copper aspartate, copper ascorbate).

In cells, copper has four distribution pathways: (1) Free radical scavenging pathway: Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase transfers copper to superoxide dismutase SOD1. (2) Mitochondrial pathway: Cytochrome C oxidase 17 transfers copper to cytochrome C oxidase (COX) to produce ATP. (3) Secretory pathway: Copper is transferred to the copper transport protein α chain (ATP-dependent copper transporter 7A, ATP7A) and copper transport protein β chain (ATP-dependent copper transporter 7B, ATP7B) in the trans-Golgi network through antioxidant protein 1 (Atox1). (4) Nuclear pathway: The nucleus regulates CTR1 expression through copper sensors to adapt to changes in copper concentration.

Four major distribution pathways and key regulatory mechanisms of intracellular copper (Copper Aspartate, Copper Ascorbate).

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